Optimal refrigerator

Brownian refrigerator.

Onsager symmetry implies that a Brownian motor, driven by a temperature gradient, will also perform a refrigerator function upon loading. We analytically calculate the corresponding heat flow for an exactly solvable microscopic model and compare it with molecular dynamics simulations.

Quantum-circuit refrigerator

Quantum technology promises revolutionizing applications in information processing, communications, sensing and modelling. However, efficient on-demand cooling of the functional quantum degrees of freedom remains challenging in many solid-state implementations, such as superconducting circuits. Here we demonstrate direct cooling of a superconducting resonator mode using voltage-controllable ele...

Superconducting cascade electron refrigerator

Rock 'n' Roll Refrigerator.

-Lymph-node cells of (AKR x C3H) F1 leukaemic mice showed a considerable increase of glycolytic activity and 02 consumption. The glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, aldolase and lactic acid dehydrogenase showed increased activities in leukaemic conditions. Studies on permeabilized leukaemic and normal lymph-node cells, and assays on partially purified phosphofructokinase an...

The Quantum Absorption Refrigerator

A quantum absorption refrigerator driven by noise is studied with the purpose of determining the limitations of cooling to absolute zero. The model consists of a working medium coupled simultaneously to hot, cold and noise baths. Explicit expressions for the cooling power are obtained for Gaussian and Poisson white noise. The quantum model is consistent with the first and second laws of thermod...